April 16 2025, 02:01 

Piezoceramics
Piezo Devices
Instruments
    
d33 range:50 to 1000 x 10-12 C/N Optional Load (DCB)
d31 range (optional): Same as d33 -- However, limited to certain sizes and shapes and requires proper support.Requires DCB or equivalent.
g33 range:> 50 x 10-4 V-m/N - However, limited to very few cases and requires proper support. Requires d/g adaptor and DCB or equivalent. Can be calculated: (g33 = d33 / €T33).
G31 range (optional): Same as g33 - However, limited to certain sizes and shapes and requires proper support. Requires d/g adaptor and DC-1 or equivalent.Can be calculated: (g31 = d31 /€T33).
Accuracy:± 5.0% generally feasible with care.
Resolution:± 1 count up to ± 3.
Frequency:Variable upto 2000 Hz. Factory set at 205 Hz
Force:Factory set at approximately 0.1 Newtons.
Capacitance Load:1.01µF (0.01 to 111.1µF with optional DCB and with d31 / d33 switch set in d31 position).
d33 range (optional): 20 to 1000 x 1012 C/N Standard Load (1.01 µf)
50 to 1000 x 1013 C/N Optional Load (DC-1)
d31 range:Same as d33 -- However, limited to certain sizes and shapes and requires proper support and signal take-off means.Requires DC-1 or equivalent.
g33 range : > 50 x 104 V-m/N - However, limited to very few cases and requires proper support and signal take-off means. Requires d/g adaptor and DC-1 or equivalent.Can be calculated: (g33 = d33 / €T33).
g33 range:Same as g33 - However, limited to certain sizes and shapes and requires proper support and signal take-off means. Requires d/g adaptor and DC-1 or equivalent.Can be calculated: (g31 = d31 /€T33).
Accuracy:± 2.5% with optimum sizes and shapes.
± 5.0% generally feasible with care.
± 10.0% with most optional measurements of d31andg31.
Resolution:± 1 count up to ± 3.
Frequency:Five discrete frequencies-factory set at 25, 50,100, 200 and 290 Hz (60 Hz line);
30, 60, 120, 180 and 290 Hz (50 Hz line).
Force:Factory set at approximately 0.2 Newtons.
Capacitance Load:1.01µF (0.01 to 111.1µF with optional DC-1 and with d31 / d33 switch set in d31 position).
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